Standards for the Construction and Acceptance of Exterior Wall Coatings
Exterior wall decoration is like putting a protective layer on the residential building; it serves a protective function for the wall. Currently, there are many materials for wall decoration, such as paint, tiles, etc. Today, I will introduce the construction process and acceptance standards for exterior wall paint.
Preparation for exterior wall paint construction:
1. Substrate requirements: The base plastering should be completed and cured for about 20 days, with a pH value below 9. The substrate should be dry (at least 15 days dry), with a humidity below 8%. The surface of the substrate should be flat, with solid corners and clear contours; the wall should have no water seepage, cracks, hollow spots, blisters, or other structural issues. There should be no powdering or loose materials, and no oil, grease, or other adhesives.
2. The reserved seams on the exterior wall have been treated for waterproof sealing.
3. The paint used has a factory certificate and has been tested to meet national standards.
4. The paint used has been approved by the owner, and the sample wall has been approved by the owner, supervisor, and design unit.
5. The decorative scaffolding has been completed.
6. The exposed iron parts of the substrate have been treated for rust prevention.
Conditions for exterior wall paint construction:
Since exterior wall paint is water-based, it has high requirements for construction and maintenance conditions. The temperature must be above 5°C, and the environmental humidity must be below 85% to ensure good film formation. Low temperatures can cause the paint film to powder and crack, while high humidity can prevent the paint film from drying for a long time, ultimately leading to poor film formation. Weather factors must be considered for exterior wall construction; it should not rain for 12 hours before painting to ensure the substrate is dry, and it should not rain for 24 hours after painting to avoid damage to the paint film.
Exterior wall paint construction process:
Repair the exterior wall—cleaning—filling putty, local scraping of putty—smoothing—applying fiberglass cloth—scraping putty and smoothing again—primer application—first coat of finish paint—second coat of finish paint.
Exterior wall paint construction technology:
1. Repair: Before painting, defects such as chipped corners and holes in the substrate should be repaired with a 1:3 cement mortar (or polymer cement mortar).
2. Cleaning: Dust and powder can be removed using a broom, brush, or high-pressure water washing; grease should be cleaned with a neutral detergent; mortar should be removed with a shovel or scraper; mold should be washed with high-pressure water outdoors and rinsed with clean water to dry.
3. Filling putty, local scraping of putty: If the wall is flat and smooth, putty may not be necessary; the putty should not only be easy to apply and sand but also have good strength and durability. When filling and scraping putty, it is better to apply thin layers rather than thick ones. The putty should have better adhesion, lasting adhesion, and water resistance.
4. Smoothing: Sanding must be done after the substrate or putty is dry; wet sanding should be avoided to prevent sandpaper from sticking and affecting operation. The grit of the sandpaper should be determined based on the hardness of the surface being sanded; too coarse sandpaper will leave scratches, affecting the final decorative effect of the coating. Sanding should start with coarse sandpaper or a sander, followed by fine sandpaper, paying attention to the flatness of the surface. After sanding, immediately remove surface dust to facilitate the next process.
5. Applying fiberglass cloth: Use fiberglass cloth with uniform mesh density; do not use too dense fiberglass cloth.
6. Scraping putty and smoothing again: Use polymer putty to smooth out, mainly to correct the unevenness caused by the fiberglass cloth and prevent capillary cracks on the surface.
7. Paint application: The moisture content of the substrate surface must not exceed 8%. If there are strong winds, rain, or fog, the finish coat should not be applied. During construction, a sample wall should be made according to design requirements until the completion acceptance.
Acceptance standards for exterior wall paint construction:
Exterior wall paint construction must not have issues such as missed painting, transparency, powdering, peeling, and must not have efflorescence, color biting, and the color must be consistent and evenly distributed. Additionally, there should be no drips, lumps, brush marks, and no pollution to doors and windows.
Painting exterior walls is a common decoration method and relatively low in cost, so many people choose to use paint to decorate exterior walls. The above is an introduction to the construction process and acceptance standards for exterior wall paint, hoping to be helpful to everyone.
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